The EU-funded SET4BIO project aims at supporting the implementation of Action 8 of the EU Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) on Bioenergy and Renewable Fuels for sustainable transport. The Horizon 2020 funded coordination and support action SET4BIO has developed a framework with an Implementation Toolbox with the aim of stimulating and supporting the actors and technologies of the sector. The Implementation Toolbox consist of Mapping of National Bioenergy Projects, Financing Opportunities for Bioenergy, Industry Stakeholder Map, Global Outlook, and the Innovation Challenge. These methods and tools have been applied throughout the project which started in early 2020 and ends in August 2023. The methods and tools are described in detail in separate deliverables from the SET4BIO project. There is significant potential to continue applying the methods and tools in the Bioenergy sector and beyond.

This study compares several forest biomass-based biofuels and some electrofuels, for use in cars and trucks, in terms of economic and climate performance and resource efficiency from a Swedish perspective. Both dropin fuels possible to blend in conventional fuels and single molecule fuels requiring new vehicles and infrastructure are included. Mature costs for feedstock, production, distribution, and vehicles are included. There is no clear winner between drop-in and single-molecular fuels when considering both costs, GHG emissions and resource efficiency, neither for cars nor trucks. For trucks, both single-molecular fuels in the form of methanol and DME (dimethyl ether) and drop-in fuels in the form of diesel based on lignin and from hydropyrolysis perform best (given a process designed to reach high GHG performance). For cars drop-in fuels such as petrol produced from lignin or hydropyrolysis perform well, closely followed by the single molecular fuels methanol, DME and methane and some of the other drop-in fuels. For cars, where electrification is progressing fast, it is reasonable to apply the drop-in fuel strategy. For trucks, either continue with the drop-in fuel strategy or, due to uncertainties linked to new fuel production processes, invest in single molecule fuels such as methanol and DME.