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Publications (10 of 17) Show all publications
Berard, L., Otxoterena Af Drake, P. & Dederichs, A. (2023). Compounds Produced by the Pyrolysis of Powders and Dusts Present in the Alimentary Industry. Combustion Science and Technology, 195(3), 419
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Compounds Produced by the Pyrolysis of Powders and Dusts Present in the Alimentary Industry
2023 (English)In: Combustion Science and Technology, ISSN 0010-2202, E-ISSN 1563-521X, Vol. 195, no 3, p. 419-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Under certain conditions dust explosions occur in the alimentary industry. Following ATEX and other guidelines have not eliminated accidents. Therefore, more knowledge is needed. The current work delivers experimental results describing phase transitions and decomposition of dusts. Dusts from wheat flour, chili powder, corn starch, milk powder, cocoa powder, and by-product of grain are investigated. The temperature of pyrolisation has been identified using TGA to be in the range [250°C, 600°C] in air and [300°C, 450°C] in nitrogen. It was found that the compositions of the pyrolysis gases depend on temperature. Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen were the main contributors to the pyrolysis gases. The distributions are described with a polynomial or Gaussian fit. The current paper proposes coefficients for Gaussian polynomials expressing the concentration for the four primary pyrolysis gases. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023
Keywords
biomass, combustion, Dust, explosion, Pysolysis, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Dairies, Pyrolysis, Cocoa powder, Corn starch, Dust explosion, Gaussian fits, Gaussian polynomials, Milk powder, Wheat flours
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-56018 (URN)10.1080/00102202.2021.1956911 (DOI)2-s2.0-85112316574 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-08-30 Created: 2021-08-30 Last updated: 2023-06-05Bibliographically approved
Dederichs, A. (Ed.). (2022). Nordic Fire and Safety Days 2022 – Book of Abstracts. Paper presented at Nordic Fire and Safety Days 2022. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Nordic Fire and Safety Days 2022 – Book of Abstracts
2022 (English)Conference proceedings (editor) (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 2022
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2022:72
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-59188 (URN)10.23699/sgj7-kd69 (DOI)978-91-89711-12-9 (ISBN)
Conference
Nordic Fire and Safety Days 2022
Available from: 2022-05-10 Created: 2022-05-10 Last updated: 2023-05-09Bibliographically approved
Sandinge, A., Blomqvist, P., Sørensen, L. & Dederichs, A. (2022). The Effect of Accelerated Ageing on Reaction-to-Fire Properties–Composite Materials. Fire technology, 58(3), 1305-1332
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Effect of Accelerated Ageing on Reaction-to-Fire Properties–Composite Materials
2022 (English)In: Fire technology, ISSN 0015-2684, E-ISSN 1572-8099, Vol. 58, no 3, p. 1305-1332Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

As material age, the durability, strength, and other mechanical properties are impacted. The lifespan of a material generally decreases when exposed to weathering conditions such as wind, temperature, humidity, and light. It is important to have knowledge of how materials age and how the material properties are affected. Regarding materials´ fire behaviour and the effect of ageing on these properties, the knowledge is limited. The research questions of the current work are: Are the fire properties of composite materials affected by ageing? And if so, how is it affected? The study is on material at Technology Readiness Level 9 (TRL). In this study, three composite fibre laminates developed for marine applications were exposed to accelerated ageing. Two different ageing conditions were selected, thermal ageing with an increased temperature of 90°C and moisture ageing in a moderately increased temperature of 40°C and a relative humidity of 90%. Samples were collected after one, two and four weeks of ageing. The reaction-to-fire properties after ageing was evaluated using the ISO 5660–1 cone calorimeter and the EN ISO 5659–2 smoke chamber with FTIR gas analysis. The test results showed that the fire behaviour was affected. Two of the composite laminates, both phenolic/basalt composites, showed a deteriorated fire behaviour from the thermal ageing and the third composite laminate, a PFA/glass fibre composite, showed an improved fire behaviour both for thermal and moisture ageing. The smoke toxicity was affected by the accelerated ageing, especially for the PFA/glass fibre composite that showed a higher production of CO and HCN, both for the thermal aged and the moisture aged samples. © 2021, The Author(s).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2022
Keywords
Accelerated ageing, Composite laminates, Cone calorimeter, Moisture exposure, Reaction-to-fire, Smoke density, Thermal exposure, Toxicity, Durability, Fires, Laminated composites, Marine applications, Smoke, %moisture, Composite laminate, Fire behaviour, Fire properties, Reaction to fire, Moisture
National Category
Composite Science and Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-57366 (URN)10.1007/s10694-021-01197-9 (DOI)2-s2.0-85119970365 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding details: Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, 723246; Funding text 1: The research presented is a part of the RAMSSES project which has received funding under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 723246.

Available from: 2021-12-17 Created: 2021-12-17 Last updated: 2023-06-05Bibliographically approved
Dederichs, A. (Ed.). (2021). NFSD Nordic Fire & Safety Days: Book of abstracts from the digital NFSD Nordic Fire & Safety Days 15-16 of June 2021. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Open this publication in new window or tab >>NFSD Nordic Fire & Safety Days: Book of abstracts from the digital NFSD Nordic Fire & Safety Days 15-16 of June 2021
2021 (English)Conference proceedings (editor) (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 2021. p. 70
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2021:56
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-53440 (URN)10.23699/m1sz-2n56 (DOI)978-91-89385-45-0 (ISBN)
Available from: 2021-05-31 Created: 2021-05-31 Last updated: 2023-05-09Bibliographically approved
Sandinge, A., Blomqvist, P., Dederichs, A. & Markert, F. (2021). The necessity of accelerated ageing in fire performance assessments of composite materials. Safety Science, 141, Article ID 105358.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The necessity of accelerated ageing in fire performance assessments of composite materials
2021 (English)In: Safety Science, ISSN 0925-7535, E-ISSN 1879-1042, Vol. 141, article id 105358Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The market for lightweight fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is growing. This is seen within advanced applications for e.g. aeronautics, modern ship vessels and railway vehicles. FRPs are often used to save weight, but the downside is that they are ignitable, which implies a potential higher fire risk. It is thus important to thoroughly characterise the material properties of FRPs, including the fire performance, in order to ensure a high safety level. Fire performance testing is made with newly produced materials to show the conformance to required standard test. However, the impact of ageing on the fire performance of materials and products is not mandatory information and hardly ever known. This is still an overlooked matter that is important to address for combustible materials in transport applications, where the requirements of personal safety are especially high. Accelerated ageing is a method to expose materials and products to various environmental parameters for a simulation of long-term usage. Within a few days, weeks or months the damage and degradation of the materials can occur, which normally would be after years in normal climate and after normal usage. Fire performance testing of test samples subjected to accelerated ageing would potentially give important information on the long-term safety of the end-use application of FRPs. The objective of this paper is twofold. One is to find out if the industry, society and research need to deal with the effect of ageing on materials in relation to fire safety as this is not dealt with in fire regulations. And further to identify the state-of-the-art of accelerated ageing methods relevant for Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials. In summary, the findings in the literature were limited of reported ageing effects of FRPs, with respect to the fire behaviour. An important conclusion is that there is a major lack of knowledge regarding material aging and fire behaviour, especially for FRPs. However, the identified ageing studies showed that both fire and mechanical properties were affected by ageing. The accelerated ageing methods described in literature was not consequently applied. The ageing methods were special designed for each study and application of material. All methods need a proper validation applying real time ageing. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier B.V., 2021
Keywords
Accelerated ageing, Ageing, Composite materials, Fire behaviour
National Category
Building Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-53520 (URN)10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105358 (DOI)2-s2.0-85107137517 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding details: Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, 723246; Funding details: Horizon 2020; Funding text 1: The research is a part of the RAMSSES project which has received funding under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 723246.; Funding text 2: The research is a part of the RAMSSES project which has received funding under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 723246.

Available from: 2021-06-17 Created: 2021-06-17 Last updated: 2023-06-05Bibliographically approved
Sandinge, A., Blomqvist, P. & Dederichs, A. (2020). Does age matter?: Impact on fire safety properties of composite materials from ageing. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Paper presented at 41st Riso International Symposium on Materials Science: Materials and Design for Next Generation Wind Turbine Blades, 7 September 2020 through 10 September 2020. IOP Publishing Ltd, 942(1), Article ID 012042.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Does age matter?: Impact on fire safety properties of composite materials from ageing
2020 (English)In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing Ltd , 2020, Vol. 942, no 1, article id 012042Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

When materials are tested and classified before entering the market, they are mainly tested as newly produced. However, it is known that material properties change with time and when exposed to temperature, humidity, wind and light. As a result, it is important to have knowledge of how material age and which parameters are affected in order to retain safety. Studies show how the mechanical properties change when the materials age. But not much can be found in literature about the ageing effect on fire properties. In the present study, accelerated ageing testing was made with a composite material of phenolic resin and basalt fibres. Selected ageing methods applied were thermal ageing at 90 C and moisture ageing at 40 C and 90 % Relative Humidity. Samples were collected from ageing chambers after one, two and four weeks. To investigate the ageing effect on the fire properties of the composite, fire testing was conducted using cone calorimetry according to ISO 5660-1. The test results showed that ageing does matter. There was an impact on the material and the fire properties were affected. The ignition time decreased for the aged samples and the heat release rate slightly increased. Also, the smoke production increased with ageing. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IOP Publishing Ltd, 2020
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-50974 (URN)10.1088/1757-899X/942/1/012042 (DOI)2-s2.0-85096493482 (Scopus ID)
Conference
41st Riso International Symposium on Materials Science: Materials and Design for Next Generation Wind Turbine Blades, 7 September 2020 through 10 September 2020
Available from: 2020-12-16 Created: 2020-12-16 Last updated: 2023-06-05Bibliographically approved
Dederichs, A., Schadschneider, A. & Köster, G. (Eds.). (2020). Proceedings from the 9th International Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. Paper presented at 9th International Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, August 21-24, 2018Lund, Sweden. RISE
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Proceedings from the 9th International Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics
2020 (English)Conference proceedings (editor) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Preface

It is our pleasure to hand over to you this book of proceedings for the 9th international conference on pedestrian and evacuation dynamics, held on August 21-24, 2018 in Lund, Sweden. The conference was organized by RISE Research Institutes of Sweden in collaboration with Lund University. The three-day conference hosted about 135 participants.

Every day at the conference was introduced by a keynote lecture. The first lecture Putting the Pedestrian back into PED: the need to reunite our diverging field helt by Dr. Aoife Hunt, Associate Director and specialist in crowd planning at Movement Strategies AS. The second day was opened with the lecture Pedestrian movement in buildings using BIM (Building Information Modelling) by Jan Karlshøj, Associate Professor at the Technical University of Denmark. The topic of day three was Universal design - accounting for people by Per Olof Hedvall from Associate Professor at Lund University and head of Certec, the center for Rehabilitation Engineering and Design.

The scientific program of the PED conference included many topics related to pedestrian dynamics as well as evacuation. The parallel sessions covered the following areas:

•Data collection•Experimental evacuation•Human behaviour•Model development•Simulations

The papers peer reviewed and published as open source by RISE and Collective Dynamics. We are very proud to present the peer reviewed papers. The publications demonstrate a significant scientific depth and also a high societal relevance.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
RISE, 2020. p. 543
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-43346 (URN)10.23699/m7da-j065 (DOI)978-91-89049-84-0 (ISBN)
Conference
9th International Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, August 21-24, 2018Lund, Sweden
Note

[200812] Ny fulltext, uppdaterad med två ej tidigare inkluderade artiklar.

Available from: 2020-03-31 Created: 2020-01-23 Last updated: 2023-05-09Bibliographically approved
Carlson, E.-S., Kumm, M., Zakirov, A. & Dederichs, A. (2019). Evacuation tests with elevated platforms in railway tunnels. Fire safety journal, 108, Article ID 102840.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evacuation tests with elevated platforms in railway tunnels
2019 (English)In: Fire safety journal, ISSN 0379-7112, E-ISSN 1873-7226, Vol. 108, article id 102840Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

With the purpose to increase the knowledge on human behaviour when evacuating along elevated platforms, an experiment was carried out at the subway station of Skarpnäck, Stockholm, in October 2016. The overall project objective was to develop basic data for guidelines regarding fire safety design concerning evacuation along elevated platforms. The experiment was designed as a group experiment divided into five different scenarios. In total, 111 persons of mixed gender and age participated. The results from the experiment show that the flow rate along the elevated platform decreased as the walkway was getting narrower. It could also be seen that along the first half of the walkway, where a train was located on the rail track next to the elevated platform, the flow rate was higher and the width of the walkway was used to a lager extent compared to the second half of the walkway where the platform was open to the track area. One of three wheelchair users who participated in the experiment expressed discomfort caused by the height and the width of the walkway and nearly half of the participants experienced problems with passing others walking slower than themselves.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2019
Keywords
Behavioral research, Fires, Subway stations, A-train, Fire safety designs, Human behaviours, Project objectives, Rail tracks, Railway tunnels, Stockholm, Wheelchair users, Railroads
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-39920 (URN)10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102840 (DOI)2-s2.0-85071578399 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding details: Trafikverket; Funding text 1: The project was initiated and financed by the Swedish Transport Administration . The study was a cooperation between RISE Research Institutes of Sweden and Brandskyddslaget . RISE was responsible for planning, performing and evaluating the experiment. This work has been carried out as a grant research project and no agreements existed that could have influenced the project results. The Swedish Transport Administration – being both the initiator of the project as well as one of the end users – has however participated in early experiment discussions.; Funding text 2: This study was a part of the project “Elevated platforms in railway tunnels”. The project was a cooperation between RISE Research Institutes of Sweden and Brandskyddslaget. The authors would like to thank The Swedish Transport Administration for initiating and financing this project and thereby making it possible to increase the knowledge within this research area. The experiment was performed with support from MTR Nordic AB (MTR), Stockholm Public Transport (SL) and Stockholm Greater Fire Brigade (SSBF). The authors would like to thank these organisations that made the full-scale tests possible to perform. Karl Fridolf, former colleague to the authors, was the initiator of the project, performed the literature study and performed a pilot experiment that formed a base for the full-scale tests. Karl Fridolf should therefore be especially thanked for his contribution. Many others have also helped during the preparation or performance of the full-scale tests and special thanks should be directed to fire engineer Per Rohlén who, as always, provided the authors with valuable photos and thoughts. Appendix A

Available from: 2019-09-19 Created: 2019-09-19 Last updated: 2023-05-25Bibliographically approved
(2019). NFSD Nordic Fire & Safety Days: Book of abstracts from the NFSD Nordic Fire & Safety Days 20-21 August 2019 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>NFSD Nordic Fire & Safety Days: Book of abstracts from the NFSD Nordic Fire & Safety Days 20-21 August 2019 in Copenhagen, Denmark
2019 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

It is our pleasure to hand over to you this book of abstracts for the Nordic Fire & SafetyDays 2019 organized by RISE Research Institutes of Sweden in collaboration Technical University of Denmark, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Lund University, Aalto University, Luleå University, University of Stavanger, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences and Iceland University as well as VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd and Danish Institute of Fire and Security Technology.We are very proud to present the abstracts of 63 Nordic and international contributions in the present book of abstracts. The work demonstrates a significant scientific depth and societal relevance. The conference is a response to the extensive interest in the areas of fire and safety engineering in the Nordic countries in the past decades. As the programme and the abstracts show, the NFSD follow up on challenges with respect to safety dealing with aspects of fire and human behaviour as well as rescue service and risk management.

Anne S. Dederichs, RISE Research Institutes of SwedenConference chair

Publisher
p. 66
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2019:72
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-39786 (URN)10.23699/k40z-m473 (DOI)9789189049000 (ISBN)
Available from: 2019-08-16 Created: 2019-08-16 Last updated: 2023-05-09
Dederichs, A., Njå, O., Giuliani, L. & Zawadowska, A. (Eds.). (2018). BOOK OF PROCEEDINGS Nordic Fire & Safety Days 2018. Paper presented at NFSD Nordic Fire &Safety Days. June 7th and 8th 2018in Trondheim, Norway.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>BOOK OF PROCEEDINGS Nordic Fire & Safety Days 2018
2018 (English)Conference proceedings (editor) (Other academic)
Publisher
p. 141
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2019:54
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-38868 (URN)10.23699/40g3-6g70 (DOI)978-91-88907-57-8 (ISBN)
Conference
NFSD Nordic Fire &Safety Days. June 7th and 8th 2018in Trondheim, Norway
Available from: 2019-05-21 Created: 2019-05-21 Last updated: 2023-05-09Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-6120-2461

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