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  • Bouckaert, Igor
    et al.
    UCLouvain, Belgium.
    Godio, Michele
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Applied Mechanics.
    Pacheco de Almeida, João
    UCLouvain, Belgium.
    A Hybrid Discrete-Finite Element model for continuous and discontinuous beam-like members including nonlinear geometric and material effects2024In: International Journal of Solids and Structures, ISSN 0020-7683, E-ISSN 1879-2146Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper introduces a novel formulation, called Hybrid Discrete-Finite Element (HybriDFEM) method, for modeling one-directional continuous and discontinuous planar beam-like members, including nonlinear geometric and material effects. In this method, the structure is modeled as a series of distinct rigid blocks, connected to each other through contact pairs distributed along the interfaces. Each of those contact pairs are composed of two nonlinear multidirectional springs in series, which can represent either the deformation of the blocks themselves, or the deformation of their interface. Unlike the Applied Element Method, in which contact pairs are composed of one single spring, the current approach allows capturing phenomena such as sectional deformations or relative deformations between two blocks composed of different materials. This method shares similarities with the Discrete Element Methods in its ability to model contact interfaces between rigid or deformable units, but does not require a numerical time-domain integration scheme. More importantly, its formulation resembles that of the classical Finite Elements Method, allowing one to easily couple the latter with HybriDFEM. Following the presentation of its formulation, the method is benchmarked against analytical solutions selected from the literature, ranging from the linear-elastic response of a cantilever beam to the buckling and rocking response of continuous flexible columns, and rigid block stackings. One final example showcases the coupling of a HybriDFEM element with a linear beam finite element.

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  • Franke, Ulrik
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Mobility and Systems. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Algorithmic Transparency, Manipulation, and Two Concepts of Liberty2024In: Philosophy & Technology, ISSN 2210-5433, E-ISSN 2210-5441, Vol. 37, article id 22Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As more decisions are made by automated algorithmic systems, the transparency of these systems has come under scrutiny. While such transparency is typically seen as beneficial, there is a also a critical, Foucauldian account of it. From this perspective, worries have recently been articulated that algorithmic transparency can be used for manipulation, as part of a disciplinary power structure. Klenk (Philosophy & Technology 36, 79, 2023) recently argued that such manipulation should not be understood as exploitation of vulnerable victims, but rather as indifference to whether the information provided enhances decision-making by revealing reasons. This short commentary on Klenk uses Berlin’s (1958) two concepts of liberty to further illuminate the concept of transparency as manipulation, finding alignment between positive liberty and the critical account.

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  • Franke, Ulrik
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Mobility and Systems. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Two Metaverse Dystopias2024In: Res Publica, ISSN 1356-4765, E-ISSN 1572-8692Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In recent years, the metaverse—some form of immersive digital extension of the physical world—has received much attention. As tech companies present their bold visions, scientists and scholars have also turned to metaverse issues, from technological challenges via societal implications to profound philosophical questions. This article contributes to this growing literature by identifying the possibilities of two dystopian metaverse scenarios, namely one based on the experience machine and one based on demoktesis—two concepts from Nozick (Anarchy, State, and Utopia, Basic Books, 1974). These dystopian scenarios are introduced, and the potential for a metaverse to evolve into either of them is explained. The article is concluded with an argument for why the two dystopian scenarios are not strongly wedded to any particular theory of ethics or political philosophy, but constitute a more general contribution.

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  • Helsing, Elisabeth
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, Infrastructure and concrete technology.
    Brander, Linus
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Product Realisation Methodology.
    Döse, Magnus
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Gabrielsson, Ida
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, Infrastructure and concrete technology.
    Lindström, Camilla
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, Infrastructure and concrete technology.
    BESTÅR – Beständig betong med återvunnen ballast2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    BESTÅR – Durable concrete with recycled aggregate In this project the properties of different types of recycled aggregate were investigated: recycled excavated masses, recycled construction and demolition waste (CDW), and reclaimed crushed concrete from concrete production. The content of different minerals, rocks, manmade materials, and chemical substances has been analysed, as well as the freeze-thaw resistance and alkali-silica reactivity. In addition to the testing of aggregate properties, concrete with recycled CDW was tested with respect to compressive strength, freeze-thaw resistance, carbonation resistance, and the risk for deleterious alkali silica reactions. The high water absorption of recycled CDW and reclaimed crushed concrete means that these materials can not be regarded as freeze-thaw resistant. As expected, the freeze-thaw resistance testing in salt water resulted in about five times as extensive scaling for concrete where 30% of the coarse aggregate fraction consisted of recycled CDW, as anticipated with concrete with only natural aggregates of typical igneous and metamorphic rocks. The content of potentially alkali-silica reactive particles was low in all batches (<8 %) and all batches were classified as innocuous aggregate when tested with RILEM AAR-2 and NT Build 295. When concrete with 30 % of the coarse aggregate consisting of recycled CDW and with two different binder compositions was tested, neither exceeded the maximum accepted expansion value. However, the results indicated that when the effective alkali content of the concrete is calculated, the alkali content of aggregate of recycled CDW or crushed reclaimed concrete must be included. The replacement of up to 30 % of the coarse aggregate by recycled CDW did not affect the concrete strength development, and the carbonation resistance even increased. Due to the higher water absorption of recycled CDW, it should be ascertained that all accessible pores in the aggregate are filled with water during mixing of the concrete, to avoid negative effects on the water-to-cement ratio and misleading measured air content.

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  • Bjurling, Björn
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Data Science.
    Thore, Andreas
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems.
    Riad, Stella
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Data Science.
    Foreign Information Manipulation & Interference: A Large Language Model Perspective2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This report focus on the intersection ofForeign Information Manipulation andInterference and Large Language Models.The aim is to give a non-technicalcomprehensive understanding of howweaknesses in the language models canbe used for creating malicious content tobe used in FIMI.

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  • Scheepers, Gerhard
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, Building and Real Estate.
    Lerman, Peter
    Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Termografisk mätning av fuktkvotsspridningen i en kanaltork2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Thermographic measurement of lumber moisture content in a progressive kiln This report presents the results of the work carried out in the project "Development of industrial thermal camera measurement for energy-efficient control of wood drying", a project funded by the Kamprad Family Foundation. The project developed, implemented, and evaluated an industrial measurement system for real-time determination of moisture content and moisture distribution in wood during an ongoing drying process. The work included the technical development of a measurement setup for feedback-type progressive kilns, the development of prediction models for wood moisture content, and the development of associated software. The measurement technology was based on thermographic images collected with a thermal camera mounted in the attic space above the passing lumber stacks, as well as information on the properties of the drying air. With knowledge of the wood's temperature state in combination with air temperature and humidity, the drying process could be monitored and evaluated in real time. The software for processing thermographic data, including an operator interface, was installed on a regular desktop computer in the operator room. During the project period, the measurement system was in continuous operation for about one year with only a few short interruptions for maintenance, system updates, and unplanned power outages. Relatively simple instrument maintenance was carried out about two to three times per year. The software's operator interface presented real-time thermographic images of the passing wood and diagrams of the wood's moisture content and distribution. Data collected was continuously and saved to enable long-term analysis. The conclusion is that the measurement system is a useful tool to estimate the moisture content, moisture distribution and inspect the kiln. This information can be used by the drying operator to assess the progress of the drying process and to manually correct the process. Since the measurements were carried out continuously and without either disturbing the production or requiring any extra manual handling by personnel, the measurement system can be considered to meet the requirements of being both non-contact and automatic. The measurement system offered a new way to control the drying process in a progressive lumber kiln with the goal of less over-drying, lower energy consumption, better quality and yield. The method has the potential to replace manual measurements, thus improving worker safety.

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  • Sobiech, Cilli
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Mobility and Systems.
    Andersson, Kristina
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Mobility and Systems.
    Enqvist, Björn
    Combitech AB, Sweden.
    Independent assessment in trials with automated vehicles – Drive Sweden Policy Lab Case 62024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

     The purpose of case 6 of the Drive Sweden Policy Lab 2023-25 is to examine the scope of an independent assessment in trials with automated road vehicles. The Swedish Transport Agency's regulations and general advice on permission to conduct trials with automated vehicles have recently been amended by adding a general advice that the applicant´s risk assessment should in certain cases be supplemented with a statement from an independent assessor regarding traffic safety (TSFS 2021:4, last amended by TSFS 2022:82). The regulation enables trials with automated vehicles in Sweden since 2017 and clarifies the circumstances under which it is reasonable safe to conduct trials with such vehicles. In the beginning of 2023, a policy lab was initiated with Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, and Austrian actors, which acts as a platform for collaborative policy development by relevant actors facing a common policy related challenge. Vehicle manufacturers, transport providers and operators, authorities, potential assessors, and applied research examine together the scope of independent assessments for trials with automated vehicles. The policy lab generates guidelines for independent assessments by clarifying and exemplifying the application and scope of such assessments in trials with automated vehicles. The policy lab considers knowledge and previous experiences from other transport sectors, from various countries with independent assessment already in place and from relevant EU and UNECE regulations, such as the requirements of independent assessment for the international market e.g., for a type-approval in the EU (ADS compliance assessment) or the proposed process for audits from the working group Validation Methods for Automated Driving as part of WP29. Drive Sweden Policy Lab case 6 is partly financed by Sweden´s innovation agency Vinnova, through its strategic innovation program Drive Sweden, and partly by the project parties.

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  • Ranäng, Sara
    et al.
    Sweco, Sweden.
    Kovalenko, N
    Sweco, Sweden.
    LÖVSTA KVV / MARK OCH VA2021Report (Other academic)
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  • Makhinia, Anatolii
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Smart Hardware. Linköping University, Sweden.
    Bynens, Lize
    Hasselt University, Belgium.
    Goossens, Arwin
    Hasselt University, Belgium.
    Deckers, Jasper
    Hasselt University, Belgium; .
    Lutsen, Laurence
    Hasselt University, Belgium; .
    Vandewal, Koen
    Hasselt University, Belgium; .
    Maes, Wouter
    Hasselt University, Belgium; .
    Beni, Valerio
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Smart Hardware.
    Andersson Ersman, Peter
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Smart Hardware.
    Toward Sustainability in All-Printed Accumulation Mode Organic Electrochemical Transistors2024In: Advanced Functional Materials, ISSN 1616-301X, E-ISSN 1616-3028Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract This study reports on the first all-printed vertically stacked organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) operating in accumulation mode; the devices, relying on poly([4,4?-bis(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-2,2?-bithiophen-5,5?-diyl]-alt-[thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl]) (pgBTTT) as the active channel material, are fabricated via a combination of screen and inkjet printing technologies. The resulting OECTs (W/L ≈5) demonstrate good switching performance; gm, norm ≈13 mS cm?1, µC* ≈21 F cm?1 V?1 s?1, ON?OFF ratio > 104 and good cycling stability upon continuous operation for 2 h. The inkjet printing process of pgBTTT is established by first solubilizing the polymer in dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene), a non-toxic, cellulose-derived, and biodegradable solvent. The resulting ink formulations exhibit good jettability, thereby providing reproducible and stable p-type accumulation mode all-printed OECTs with high performance. Besides the environmental and safety benefits of this solvent, this study also demonstrates the assessment of how the solvent affects the performance of spin-coated OECTs, which justifies the choice of Cyrene as an alternative to commonly used harmful solvents such as chloroform, also from a device perspective. Hence, this approach shows a new possibility of obtaining more sustainable printed electronic devices, which will eventually result in all-printed OECT-based logic circuits operating in complementary mode.

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  • Grahn, Desirée
    et al.
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden.
    Hjort, Anders
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden.
    Jivén, Karl
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden.
    Forsström, Ellinor
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Maritime department.
    Gehandler, Jonatan
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.
    Dahlbom, Sixten
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.
    Förnybar flytande biogas (LBG) till sjöfart i praktiken2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Reducing the environmental and climate impact of shipping propelled by liquefied natural gas (LNG) requires the introduction of alternative fuels such as liquid biogas/biomethane (LBG) (Jivén et al., 2022). Today, only a small part of the biomethane produced in Sweden is liquefied into LBG and an even smaller part is used as fuel for shipping. The price and availability of biogas is governed by supply and demand in an international market where shipping, industry and heavy trucks demand biogas. The biogas then needs to be processed into upgraded biogas (biomethane) or LBG quality in order to be transported and used in the respective sectors inside and outside of Sweden. The trend is for a larger proportion of biogas to be liquefied into LBG. The market has thus gone from a local market, where biogas was produced in the city's wastewater treatment plant and the city buses ran on biogas, to an international market where biogas often is transported in the same way as fossil gas and marketed using the fossil gas together with certificates. The project "Renewable liquid biogas (LBG) for shipping in practice" was carried out by IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute and RISE in 2023 together with stakeholders from the shipping sector, ports and industry organizations for biogas. The project has studied the conditions required to make LBG available to shipping in practice at Swedish ports. The study shows that the major obstacles to an established use of LBG in the shipping sector in Sweden today are pricing/willingness to pay that is affected by international market prices, lack of suitable logistical solutions as well as the absence of the piece of the puzzle that is the business model and cooperation needed to make available the large volumes of biogas that shipping may demand. The stakeholders in the project estimate their total need of biogas to 3 TWh in a short term, and 10 TWh in a longer term. The project has identified a number of conclusions and recommendations for future work, including that the potential for biogas is large and untapped, but that new solutions for the distribution and logistics of LBG are needed. There is a clear interest from maritime actors as they see biogas as a strategic solution and the dialog between actors in the industry remains important. A change in the tax system could be needed so that more actors can use the green gas principle for LBG. In addition, a functioning "marketplace" is needed, which simplifies for sellers and buyers of LBG, and agreements/contracts are needed that are longterm and to a greater extent based on the costs of producing and providing LBG.

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  • Ranäng, Sara
    Sweco, Sweden.
    PM ITS OCH GODS – FAS 32016Report (Other academic)
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  • Ranäng, Sara
    Sweco, Sweden.
    Fördjupning förstudie Västsvenska paketet –ITS & Godsdistribution2015Other (Other academic)
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  • Olsson, Johanna
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Edström, Mats
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Biorefinery and Energy.
    Fjäll, Stephanie
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Gunnarsson, Carina
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Gustafsson, Tomas
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Biorefinery and Energy.
    Myrbeck, Åsa
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Pizzul, Leticia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Biorefinery and Energy.
    Westlin, Hugo
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Jordbruksbaserat bioraffinaderi - kombination av lokal och regional skala2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Agricultural Biorefinery - combining local and regional scale In order to achieve Sweden's sustainability goals and an increased degree of self-sufficiency, our resources need to be used in an innovative way. Resources that today are classified as residual streams can be used in a smarter way to produce the future's food, feed, fuel and energy. There is a great potential in utilizing agricultural biomasses. In the project, the potential of agriculture to supply ILUC-free feedstock to a local and regional biorefinery concept was calculated and the system was evaluated through mass and energy flow calculations, cost calculations and case descriptions on Vårgårda Herrljunga Biogas Plant (VH Biogas). In addition, practical tests were carried out on bio-oil production from dewatered digestate from participating biogas plants. Quantifications were also carried out of how the concept contributes to more resource-efficient crop cultivation with maintained humus content in soil despite increased removal of biomass from the farm. ...

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  • Andersson, Johnn
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, System Transition and Service Innovation.
    Plummer, Paul
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Lennerfors, Thomas Taro
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Hedberg, Charlotta
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Socio-techno-ecological transition dynamics in the re-territorialization of food production: the case of wild berries in Sweden2024In: Sustainability Science, ISSN 1862-4065, E-ISSN 1862-4057Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Recent geopolitical and economic crises underline the need for a European transition towards a more sustainable food system. Scholars and policymakers have called for a re-territorialization of food production to strike a better balance between local, regional and global value chains. This paper explores the role of re-territorialization through an analysis of the emergence, development and current transformation of the Swedish wild berry value chain. The analysis combines the multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions with a socio-techno-ecological system approach and draws on interviews, informal conversations, participant observations and a range of secondary sources. The resulting case narrative shows how processes of de-territorialization may result in regimes that fail to address sustainability potential and problems. It also highlights that processes of re-territorialization challenge established regimes by promoting niches that represent diferent, albeit complementary, value chain confgurations. Apart from a rich empirical narrative that brings useful knowledge to stakeholders to the Swedish wild berry value chain, the paper contributes to the theoretical understanding re-territorialization, shows how the ecological dimension can be accounted for with the multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions and presents a number of general policy implications.

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  • Ahlgren, Serina
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Einarsson, Rasmus
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Öhlund, Erika
    FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency, Sweden.
    Växtnäring till jordbruket i osäkra tider – scenarier och dokumentation från en workshop2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Mineralgödsel är en förutsättning för dagens konventionella jordbruk och utan mineralgödsel blir det problematiskt att få fram tillräckligt med foder och livsmedel. Sverige har ingen egen produktion av mineralgödsel och försörjningen är därför helt beroende av import. Denna rapport beskriver hur växtnäring hanteras ur beredskapssynpunkt i Sverige idag, och ger också en liten inblick i hur växtnäring har hanterats i tidigare kriser och pristoppar i andra länder. Rapporten beskriver också tre olika tänkbara krisscenarier där växtnäring behöver hanteras på olika sätt för att säkerställa livsmedelsförsörjningen i Sverige. Tidsperspektivet i scenarierna är relativt kort: ett fokuserar på hur växtnäringsförsörjningen kan lösas under den kommande växtodlingssäsongen medan de andra två scenarierna fokuserar på några år framåt i tiden. Scenarierna diskuterades på en workshop med deltagare från jordbruks- och växtnäringssektorn. I rapporten redovisas diskussionerna från workshopen. Under workshopen lyftes några brister i dagens system och förslag på vilket stöd och långsiktiga förändringar som behövs, för att säkra tillgången på växtnäring i Sverige under en kris: • I vardagen finns det ingen nationell eller regional planering av den svenska primärproduktionen och fördelningen av mineralgödsel eller andra insatsvaror till olika verksamheter, utan allt sköts av marknaden. Det finns därför ingen ansvarig offentlig aktör som har helhetsansvar för området. Vid en allvarlig brist på mineralgödsel kan det behövas någon som kliver in, säkrar leveranser och tar beslut om prioriteringar till olika verksamheter och eventuellt styrning av vem som odlar vad. Det kan även behövas någon som ansvarar för förebyggande arbete. • En trygg och resilient försörjning av växtnäring kommer att kräva en mångfald av lösningar. Dessa kräver i varierande grad samordning mellan marknadsaktörer och myndigheter. Vissa kan också kräva ny lagstiftning. Ett ”Gödselmedelskabinett” med ansvar att ta fram en strategi föreslogs. • Lagstiftning bör justeras alternativt införas för att utöka möjligheterna till miljö- och hälsomässigt säker återvinning av resurser från restflöden. Sådana ändringar skulle kunna förberedas redan nu, så att de snabbt kan träda i kraft i händelse av kris eller krig. • Sverige bör utveckla gemensamma strategier och avtal med andra länder, främst inom Norden, till exempel en nordisk strategi för växtnäringsfrågor.

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  • Stølen, Reidar
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.
    Li, Tian
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.
    Wingdahl, Trond
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.
    Large-scalefire test of a BIPV façadesystem2023Other (Other academic)
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  • Preiss, L.
    et al.
    Univ Lyon, France.
    Chopard-Lallier, A. -L
    Anthogyr SAS, France.
    Reveron, H.
    Univ Lyon, France.
    Bruyère-Garnier, K.
    Univ Lyon, France.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Manufacturing Processes.
    Kohal, R. -J
    University of Freiburg, Germany.
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Lyon, France.
    Courtois, N.
    Anthogyr SAS, France.
    Bone healing, tissue effects and biomechanical fixation of ‘smooth’ ceramic-coated zirconia-based dental implants: An in vivo study in sheep2024In: Open Ceramics, ISSN 2666-5395, Vol. 17, article id 100528Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, the effect of coating a zirconia-based ceramic oral implant with a material of the same composition to build a relatively smooth surface with three different porosity features was evaluated in vivo, at 4 and 8 weeks after implantation in sheep femoral condyles. The results showed that at 4 weeks, the three coated zirconia-based implants with smoother surface topographies behaved similarly and promoted faster bone healing compared to the results obtained in the same zirconia- or titanium-based implants, but with rougher sandblasted and acid-etched surfaces. In addition, higher pull-out strengths were estimated in the coated-ceramic sample compared to titanium sandblasted and etched one. The present work showed that zirconia coatings with smoother surfaces than those conventionally used in the market improved the early phase of bone healing, paving the way for shorter treatment times and improved patient outcomes. 

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  • Kaschuk, J. J.
    et al.
    Aalto University, Finland; University of British Columbia, Canada.
    Al Haj, Y.
    Aalto University, Finland.
    Valdez Garcia, J.
    University of Turku, Finland.
    Kamppinen, A.
    University of Turku, Finland.
    Rojas, O. J.
    Aalto University, Finland; University of British Columbia, Canada.
    Abitbol, Tiffany
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden. EPFL Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, Switzerland.
    Miettunen, K.
    University of Turku, Finland.
    Vapaavuori, J.
    Aalto University, Finland.
    Processing factors affecting roughness, optical and mechanical properties of nanocellulose films for optoelectronics2024In: Carbohydrate Polymers, ISSN 0144-8617, E-ISSN 1879-1344, Vol. 332, article id 121877Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work aims to understand how nanocellulose (NC) processing can modify the key characteristics of NC films to align with the main requirements for high-performance optoelectronics. The performance of these devices relies heavily on the light transmittance of the substrate, which serves as a mechanical support and optimizes light interactions with the photoactive component. Critical variables that determine the optical and mechanical properties of the films include the morphology of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), as well as the concentration and turbidity of the respective aqueous suspensions. This study demonstrates that achieving high transparency was possible by reducing the grammage and adjusting the drying temperature through hot pressing. Furthermore, the use of modified CNF, specifically carboxylated CNF, resulted in more transparent films due to a higher nanosized fraction and lower turbidity. The mechanical properties of the films depended on their structure, homogeneity (spatial uniformity of local grammage), and electrokinetic factors, such as the presence of electrostatic charges on CNF. Additionally, we investigated the angle-dependent transmittance of the CNF films, since solar devices usually operate under indirect light. This work demonstrates the importance of a systematic approach to the optimization of cellulose films, providing valuable insight into the optoelectronic field. 

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  • Collier, Elizabeth S
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design. Linköping University, Sweden.
    Blomqvist, Jenny
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Bendtsen, Marcus
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Satisfaction with a digital support tool targeting alcohol consumption: perspectives from participants in a randomized control trial2024In: Alcohol and Alcoholism, ISSN 0735-0414, E-ISSN 1464-3502, Vol. 59, no 1, article id agad070Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: Intervention design may be improved through evaluating the feedback from those who have been exposed to such interventions. As such, here the perspectives of the intervention group from a recent randomized control trial investigating the effectiveness of a digital alcohol intervention, in terms of perceived suitability and usefulness of the support tool they engaged with, were investigated. Methods: Respondents (N=475; 45% of the intervention group) answered five quantitative questions addressing user experience, completed the 10-item System Useability Scale, and were offered the opportunity to write free-text feedback. Quantitative measures were analysed using ordinal and linear regression with baseline characteristics as predictors, and free-text responses were evaluated using content analysis. Results: Overall, respondents were positive towards the intervention in terms of it fitting their needs, the usefulness of the tools included, and the usefulness of text message content. The intervention was perceived as more helpful by respondents with lower total weekly alcohol consumption, higher self-reported confidence in their ability to reduce their drinking, and the perceived importance there of, at baseline. The free-text comments revealed the value of reminders as prompts to reflect on one’s own drinking behaviour. Nonetheless, criticisms of the intervention were voiced, primarily highlighting the repetitive nature of the reminders and the lack of individuation in advice. Some also feltlike the intervention was impersonal and targeted only a specific drinking pattern. Conclusions: Experiences of the intervention group in this trial were generally positive, though there may be demand for more individualised, targeted intervention design.

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  • Petersen, S. O.
    et al.
    Aarhus University, Denmark.
    Ma, C.
    Aarhus University, Denmark.
    Hilgert, J. E.
    Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Germany.
    Mjöfors, Kristina
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Sefeedpari, P.
    Wageningen University and Research, Netherlands.
    Amon, B.
    Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Germany.
    Aarnink, A.
    Wageningen University and Research, Netherlands.
    Francó, B.
    BPC Instruments, Sweden.
    Dragoni, F.
    Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Germany.
    Groenestein, K.
    Wageningen University and Research, Netherlands.
    Gyldenkærne, S.
    BPC Instruments, Sweden.
    Herrmann, C.
    Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Germany.
    Hutchings, N. J.
    Aarhus University, Denmark.
    Kristensen, I. S.
    Aarhus University, Denmark.
    Liu, J.
    BPC Instruments, Sweden; Lund University, Sweden.
    Olesen, J. E.
    Aarhus University, Denmark.
    Rodhe, Lena
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    In-vitro method and model to estimate methane emissions from liquid manure management on pig and dairy farms in four countries2024In: Journal of Environmental Management, ISSN 0301-4797, E-ISSN 1095-8630, Vol. 353, article id 120233Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Methane (CH4) emissions from manure management on livestock farms are a key source of greenhouse gas emissions in some regions and for some production systems, and the opportunities for mitigation may be significant if emissions can be adequately documented. We investigated a method for estimating CH4 emissions from liquid manure (slurry) that is based on anaerobic incubation of slurry collected from commercial farms. Methane production rates were used to derive a parameter of the Arrhenius temperature response function, lnA', representing the CH4 production potential of the slurry at the time of sampling. Results were used for parameterization of an empirical model to estimate annual emissions with daily time steps, where CH4 emissions from individual sources (barns, outside storage tanks) can be calculated separately. A monitoring program was conducted in four countries, i.e., Denmark, Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands, during a 12-month period where slurry was sampled to represent barn and outside storage on finishing pig and dairy farms. Across the four countries, lnA' was higher in pig slurry compared to cattle slurry (p < 0.01), and higher in slurry from barns compared to outside storage (p < 0.01). In a separate evaluation of the incubation method, in-vitro CH4 production rates were comparable with in-situ emissions. The results indicate that lnA' in barns increases with slurry age, probably due to growth or adaptation of the methanogenic microbial community. Using lnA' values determined experimentally, empirical models with daily time steps were constructed for finishing pig and dairy farms and used for scenario analyses. Annual emissions from pig slurry were predicted to be 2.5 times higher than those from cattle slurry. Changing the frequency of slurry export from the barn on the model pig farm from 40 to 7 d intervals reduced total annual CH4 emissions by 46 %; this effect would be much less on cattle farms with natural ventilation. In a scenario with cattle slurry, the empirical model was compared with the current IPCC methodology. The seasonal dynamics were less pronounced, and annual CH4 emissions were lower than with the current methodology, which calls for further investigations. Country-specific models for individual animal categories and point sources could be a tool for assessing CH4 emissions and mitigation potentials at farm level. 

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  • Alabdallah, A.
    et al.
    Halmstad University, Sweden.
    Ohlsson, Mathias
    Halmstad University, Sweden; Lund University, Sweden.
    Pashami, Sepideh
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Data Science. Halmstad University, Sweden.
    Rögnvaldsson, T.
    Halmstad University, Sweden.
    The Concordance Index decomposition: A measure for a deeper understanding of survival prediction models2024In: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, ISSN 0933-3657, E-ISSN 1873-2860, Vol. 148, article id 102781Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Concordance Index (C-index) is a commonly used metric in Survival Analysis for evaluating the performance of a prediction model. In this paper, we propose a decomposition of the C-index into a weighted harmonic mean of two quantities: one for ranking observed events versus other observed events, and the other for ranking observed events versus censored cases. This decomposition enables a finer-grained analysis of the relative strengths and weaknesses between different survival prediction methods. The usefulness of this decomposition is demonstrated through benchmark comparisons against classical models and state-of-the-art methods, together with the new variational generative neural-network-based method (SurVED) proposed in this paper. The performance of the models is assessed using four publicly available datasets with varying levels of censoring. Using the C-index decomposition and synthetic censoring, the analysis shows that deep learning models utilize the observed events more effectively than other models. This allows them to keep a stable C-index in different censoring levels. In contrast to such deep learning methods, classical machine learning models deteriorate when the censoring level decreases due to their inability to improve on ranking the events versus other events. 

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  • Ghirmai, Semhar
    et al.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Krona, Annika
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Wu, H.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Whalin, James
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Axelsson, Michael
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Undeland, Ingrid
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Relationship between hemolysis and lipid oxidation in red blood cell-spiked fish muscle; dependance on pH and blood plasma2024In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 14, no 1, article id 1943Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The relationship between hemolysis and lipid oxidation was explored in red blood cell (RBCs)-spiked washed cod mince (WCM). At pH 6.8 and 3 ± 1 °C, intact RBCs (71 µM Hb) delayed lipid oxidation by 1 day compared to WCM with partly or fully lysed RBCs which oxidized immediately. Intact RBCs also lowered peak peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) with up to 59.5% and 48.1%, respectively. Adding 3% (v/w) blood plasma to RBC-spiked WCM delayed the lipid oxidation onset from 1 to 3–4 days without delaying hemolysis. At pH 6.4 the oxidation onset in RBC-WCM was the same as for pH 6.8 while at pH 7.2–7.6 lipid oxidation was suppressed for 7 days. Micrographs revealed RBC-lysis from day 2 at pH 6.4 but at pH 7.6, RBC stayed intact for ≥ 7 days. Thus, assuring presence of plasma-derived antioxidants and/or elevating muscle pH to avoid hemolysis can aid valorization of blood rich underutilized fish raw materials. 

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  • Plummer, Paul
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Andersson, Johnn
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, System Transition and Service Innovation.
    Lennerfors, Thomas Taro
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Foraging for development: An analysis of the Swedish wild berry innovation system2024In: Agricultural Systems, ISSN 0308-521X, E-ISSN 1873-2267, Vol. 216, article id 103901Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    CONTEXT Driven by strategic objectives such as regional development, increased domestic value added, improved labour conditions and reduced environmental impacts, a range of actors are pursuing innovation related to the Swedish wild berry value chain. OBJECTIVE Our objective is to analyse the structure, functions and directionality of the Swedish wild berry innovation system and draw implications for ongoing efforts to develop the value chain. METHODS Our study is based on 18 semi-structured interviews, participant observations and a range of secondary sources. We use an analytical framework based on the agricultural innovation systems approach and pay specific attention to reflexivity, directionality and non-human materiality. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The Swedish wild berry innovation system is fragmented as incumbent berry companies are absent from efforts to develop and reconfigure the value chain. The fragmentation is a result of the partly conflicting objectives among actors in the innovation system. There is a need for broader governance networks to navigate trade-offs and enable the commercialisation of new solutions. Successful innovation likely hinges on institutional change, particularly when it comes to efforts to improve labour conditions for migrant workers. SIGNIFICANCE Our study contributes empirically to research on non-timber forest product value chains and offers insights for actors pursuing innovation related to Swedish wild berries. We contribute to theoretical development in the agricultural innovation systems literature by incorporating attention reflexivity, directionality and non-human materiality.

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  • Zakrisson, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Silander, Isak
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    de Oliveira, V. S.
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Hjältén, Adrian
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Rosina, Andrea
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Rubin, Tom
    PTB, Germany.
    Foltynowicz, Aleksandra
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Zelan, Martin
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Measurement Technology.
    Axner, Ove
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Procedure for automated low uncertainty assessment of empty cavity mode frequencies in Fabry-Pérot cavity based refractometry2024In: Optics Express, E-ISSN 1094-4087, Vol. 32, no 3, p. 3959-3973Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A procedure for automated low uncertainty assessment of empty cavity mode frequencies in Fabry-Pérot cavity based refractometry that does not require access to laser frequency measuring instrumentation is presented. It requires a previously well-characterized system regarding mirror phase shifts, Gouy phase, and mode number, and is based on the fact that the assessed refractivity should not change when mode jumps take place. It is demonstrated that the procedure is capable of assessing mode frequencies with an uncertainty of 30 MHz, which, when assessing pressure of nitrogen, corresponds to an uncertainty of 0.3 mPa. 

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  • Ulfsdotter Gunnarsson, Katarina
    et al.
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Collier, Elizabeth S
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design. Linköping University, Sweden.
    McCambridge, Jim
    University of York, UK.
    Bendtsen, Marcus
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Randomized study of two different consent procedures on recall: a study within a digital alcohol intervention trial2024In: Trials, E-ISSN 1745-6215, Vol. 25, no 1, article id 5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Individuals’ comprehension of the information provided in consent forms should fundamentally influence whether to participate initially in a study and later whether to remain a participant. Existing evidence, however, suggests that participants do not thoroughly read, comprehend, or recall the information in consent forms. This study aimed to better understand how well participants recalled trial procedure information in the consent materials they received prior to taking part in a trial of a digital alcohol intervention. Method: This study was nested within an online effectiveness trial. The study included a contrast between two layout approaches to present the trial procedure information: one where all materials were shown on the same page (One page) and one where participants had to click on links to get materials for certain parts of the study information (Active request). Recall of trial procedures was measured 2 months post-randomization with four questions. Participants were also asked to leave a comment after each question. Result: Of the 2437 individuals who registered interest in the parent trial, 1197 were randomized to One page and 1240 were randomized to Active request. Approximately 90% consented to participate and 53% of the participants responded to the recall questionnaire. Contrasting the consent layout showed no marked differences between groups in three out of the four questions on recall of trial procedures. There was, however, evidence that recall of aspects of how personal data would be handled during the trial did differ between the two groups, with the Active request group reporting less recall than the One page group. Free-text comments were used to give nuance to the quantitative analysis. Conclusion: Participants exposed to different layouts of trial procedure information exhibited varying levels of information recall 2 months after consenting. The findings highlight the influence of the presentation of consent forms, which should be given attention when designing trials. Trial registration: ISRCTN ISRCTN48317451. Registered 6 December 2018, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN48317451. 

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  • Östlund, Johanna
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food. SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Eriksson Röhnisch, Hanna
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Zamaratskaia, Galia
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Langton, Maud
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Wendin, Karin
    Kristianstad University, Sweden; University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Attitudes and preferences regarding plant-based yoghurt analogues among Swedish consumers with different dietary habits2024In: International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, ISSN 1878-450X, E-ISSN 1878-4518, Vol. 35, article id 100865Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study evaluated drivers and barriers in consumer willingness to purchase plant-based yoghurt analogues (PBYA) and assessed the most important attributes of PBYA. Questionnaire data from 702 Swedish adults (19% vegan, 20% lacto-ovo-vegetarian, 21% flexitarian, 41% omnivore) showed that attitudes and preferences regarding PBYA differed between consumers with different dietary preferences. Animal welfare was an important driver for vegans, while interest in trying new foods was one of the main drivers for omnivores. All four consumer groups believed that PBYA is good for the environment. The main reasons indicated for not consuming PBYA were unpleasant taste and lack of motive to switch from dairy yoghurt to PBYA. All groups indicated taste, appearance and price as overall driving forces when choosing PBYA. The importance of some factors, such as local ingredients, few additives and low sugar content, was rated higher by flexitarians and omnivores than by vegans and lacto-ovo vegetarians. These data about consumer attitudes and preferences regarding PBYA should be implemented during PBYA product development, especially when targeting different food preference groups. 

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  • Roysen, R.
    et al.
    University of Basel, Switzerland.
    Bruehwiler, N.
    University of Basel, Switzerland.
    Kos, L.
    University of Basel, Switzerland.
    Boyer, Robert
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, System Transition and Service Innovation.
    Koehrsen, J.
    University of Basel, Switzerland: University of Oslo, Norway.
    Rethinking the diffusion of grassroots innovations: An embedding framework2024In: Technological forecasting & social change, ISSN 0040-1625, E-ISSN 1873-5509, Vol. 200, article id 123156Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper conceptualises the ways grassroots innovations (GIs) influence sustainability transitions. While research on GI diffusion tends to use the three-pathway model (replication, scaling up and translation), this paper rethinks GI diffusion through the lenses of an embedding framework. We illustrate this framework by applying it to the empirical case of ecovillages in the Global North and South. The results show that GIs become embedded in wider society through different dynamics: expansion, reframing, circulation of knowledge, shifting material arrangements and replication. The embedding framework brings clarity to diverse dynamics of diffusion and is particularly able to grasp the cultural, cognitive, economic and environmental impacts of GI initiatives. 

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  • Ruwoldt, Jost
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design.
    Chinga Carrasco, Gary
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design.
    Opedal, Mihaela Tanase
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design.
    Sustainable Materials from Organosolv Fibers and Lignin, Kraft Fibers, and Their Blends2024In: Polymers, E-ISSN 2073-4360, Vol. 16, no 3, article id 377Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to investigate new materials from organosolv fibers, organosolv lignin, kraft fibers, and their blends. The organosolv fibers showed reprecipitated lignin on the surface, a comparably low fiber length of 0.565 mm on average, and a high fines content of 82.3%. Handsheets were formed and thermopressed at 175 °C and 50 MPa, yielding dense materials (1050–1100 kg/m3) with properties different to that of regular paper products. The thermopressing of organosolv fibers alone produced materials with similar or better tensile strength (σb = 18.6 MPa) and stiffness (E* = 2.8 GPa) to the softwood Kraft reference pulp (σb = 14.8 MPa, E* = 1.8 GPa). The surface morphology was also smoother with fewer cavities. As a result, the thermopressed organosolv fibers exhibited higher hydrophobicity (contact angle > 95°) and had the lowest overall water uptake. Combinations of Kraft fibers with organosolv fibers or organosolv lignin showed reduced wetting and a higher density than the Kraft fibers alone. Furthermore, the addition of organosolv lignin to Kraft fibers greatly improved tensile stiffness and strength (σb = 23.8 MPa, E* = 10.5 GPa), likely due to the lignin acting as a binder to the fiber network. In conclusion, new thermopressed materials were developed and tested, which show promising potential for sustainable fiber materials with improved water resistance.

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  • Dimarcq, N.
    et al.
    Université Côte d’Azur, France.
    Hedekvist, Per Olof
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Measurement Technology.
    Rieck, Carsten
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Measurement Technology.
    Ashby, N
    NIST, USA.
    Roadmap towards the redefinition of the second2024In: Metrologia, ISSN 0026-1394, E-ISSN 1681-7575, Vol. 61, no 1, article id 012001Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper outlines the roadmap towards the redefinition of the second, which was recently updated by the CCTF Task Force created by the CCTF in 2020. The main achievements of optical frequency standards (OFS) call for reflection on the redefinition of the second, but open new challenges related to the performance of the OFS, their contribution to time scales and UTC, the possibility of their comparison, and the knowledge of the Earth’s gravitational potential to ensure a robust and accurate capacity to realize a new definition at the level of 10−18 uncertainty. The mandatory criteria to be achieved before redefinition have been defined and their current fulfilment level is estimated showing the fields that still needed improvement. The possibility to base the redefinition on a single or on a set of transitions has also been evaluated. The roadmap indicates the steps to be followed in the next years to be ready for a sound and successful redefinition.

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  • Kroner, Corinna
    et al.
    PTB, Germany.
    Warnecke, Heiko
    PTB, Germany.
    Büker, Oliver
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Measurement Technology.
    Stolt, Krister
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Measurement Technology.
    Wennergren, Per
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Measurement Technology.
    Hagemann, Gunter
    IB-HAWE Ing-Büro Hagemann, Germany.
    Werner, Manfred
    IB-HAWE Ing-Büro Hagemann, Germany.
    Metrology for reliable fuel consumption measurements in the maritime sector2024In: Measurement, ISSN 0263-2241, E-ISSN 1873-412X, Vol. 226, article id 114161Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Reliable fuel consumption measurements play an essential role in the maritime sector whether for emission determinations or the use of novel fuels. A verification of the performance of flow meters used for fuel consumption determination under realistic conditions is thus of interest. Apart from the influence of the pressure- and temperature-dependent transport properties of the fuels, a characterization of the measurement performance under dynamic fuel consumption is of relevance. Traceable metrological infrastructure and procedures, which will enable an evaluation of the measurement performance of flow meters in this regard, are being developed in the scope of the EMPIR project “Safest” (20IND13). A consumption profile of a ferry navigating in a harbour serves as basis. In addition to the measurement accuracy under dynamic conditions, first investigations of the performance of flow meters are carried out in terms of fluid temperature and fuel transport properties for the example of spindle screw meters.

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  • Sahbi Loukil, Mohamed
    et al.
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Costa, Sergio
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Bergwall, Mats
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Polymeric Materials and Composites.
    Deepthi Prasad, H. S.
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Moreau, Florence
    Oxeon AB, Sweden.
    Segersäll, Mikael
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Kapidzic, Zlatan
    Saab AB, Sweden.
    Olsson, Robin
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Polymeric Materials and Composites.
    Experimental and numerical investigation on bearing behavior of hybrid thin/thick-ply composite laminates2024In: Composite structures, ISSN 0263-8223, E-ISSN 1879-1085, Vol. 331, article id 117888Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Experimental and numerical studies were carried out to characterize hybrid thin- and thick-ply composite laminates and assess modelling capabilities. Five different composite laminates were manufactured using a single material system with varying proportions of thin plies (0%, 50%, and 100% thin-ply). Bearing tests were performed and the results from the tests were investigated. The results showed that performance, in terms of bearing strength at onset of damage and ultimate bearing stress, increased proportionally with the increasing amount of thin plies within the laminate. Microscopic examination of the failure modes for all laminates was performed at the center of the hole to determine the dominant failure mode. The numerical investigation uses a highly detailed mesoscale model previously validated for crash simulations but never used successfully to bearing damage areas. The results showed a good correlation regarding both the load response and the morphology of damage. 

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  • Thierry, Dominique
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Corrosion.
    Persson, Dan
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Corrosion.
    Le Bozec, Nathalie
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Corrosion.
    Long-term atmospheric corrosion rates of Zn55Al-coated steel2024In: Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion, ISSN 0947-5117, E-ISSN 1521-4176Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hot-dip Zn55Al-coated steel samples have been exposed for up to 6 years at 11 different weathering sites, including marine, marine-industrial, acid-rain and dry atmospheres. From the mass loss measurements, Zn55Al metallic coating showed globally long-term good corrosion resistance in all weathering conditions compared with hot-dip Zn-0.2Al-coated steel (Z). Yet, weaker performance was observed on Zn55Al in high SO2 polluted atmosphere, particularly when combined with seawater aerosols. This is explained by a more acidic surface condition linked to high SO2. Although the extent of corrosion in this phase was different at the different sites, the final corrosion products formed after 6 years were rather similar at all sites. This consists of hydrous aluminium sulphate or hydrous aluminium hydroxy sulphate and, probably also a smaller amount of sulphate-containing zinc corrosion products or Al/Zn products.

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  • Johansson, Magnus
    et al.
    VTI, Sweden.
    Vierth, Inge
    VTI, Sweden.
    Holmgren, Kristina
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Mobility and Systems.
    Cullinane, Kevin
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    The climate and environmental effects of policies for moving freight transport from road to other modes: The case of Sweden2024In: Case Studies on Transport Policy, ISSN 2213-624X, E-ISSN 2213-6258, Vol. 15, article id 101151Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of this paper is to determine how policy instruments which aim to achieve a modal shift of long-haul freight transport from road to rail or sea affect the direct emissions to air of greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxides, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter. The analysis is conducted in two stages. First, a range of forecasts reflecting different assumptions are applied using the Swedish national freight transport model (SAMGODS) to derive a range of possible future developments of emissions levels up to 2030 and 2040. This has involved determining emission factors per tonne-km for each of the SAMGODS model's six road freight vehicle types, eleven freight train variants and 22 ship types. The model outcomes are then compared to those of the base year of 2017. Second, the effects of two hypothetical modal shift policy instruments are analyzed with respect to their potential impact on emissions to air. The effects of these two policy instruments are evaluated for the base-year of 2017 and for the 2030 and 2040 forecasts. The paper also analyzes whether the Swedish climate objective for domestic transport in 2030 can be expected to be fulfilled given different forecasts and policy instruments. Within the context of a predicted large increase in total freight tonne-km (between 31 and 53%), emissions of greenhouse gases are calculated to decrease by 50 to 60% by 2040. This means that the Swedish freight transport sector will not achieve its share of greenhouse gas emissions reductions necessary to attain the national climate objective of a 70% reduction by 2030. Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) are forecast to reduce by between 60 and 75%, emissions of sulfur dioxides to reduce by between 41 and 50%, emissions of volatile organic compounds to increase by 8 to 30% and emissions of particulate matter (from exhaust and tyre/road wear) are calculated to increase by between 13 and 33%. Using modal shift policy instruments to achieve greenhouse gas reductions is calculated to attain worse results over time, by 2040 it might even be counterproductive. 

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  • Myrbeck, Åsa
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Jäck, Ortrud
    SLU, Sweden.
    Keller, Thomas
    SLU, Sweden.
    Tersmeden, Marianne
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Precisionssådd av höstoljeväxter2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Precision seeding of winter oilseed rape The project aimed at increasing knowledge of precision establishment of oil seed rape. The hypothesis was that precision sowing in rows with low seed rates and close placing of N will optimize crop autumn development, overwintering, and seed pay-off. In total 12 field trials were conducted in southern and middle Sweden during the harvest years 2019–2022. Treatments included seeding with Väderstad Tempo, 45 cm row spacing, and seeding rates of 20, 35, 50 and 65 plants per m2. As a reference seeding was also done traditionally with a Väderstad Rapid, 12,5 cm row spacing and 50 plants per m2. In average there were no effect of neither seed rate nor row spacing on yield. In individual field experiments where low seed rates yielded better than high seed rates, this followed on a well-developed oil seed rape plant with a high shoot- and root biomass and a large root neck diameter in late autumn. Physiological plant development was affected by seed rate. Number of leaves, root neck diameter and above and below ground biomass was negatively correlated to the seed rate while there was a tendency for the growing point being positively correlated to the seed rate. The number of leaves per plant, shoot and rot biomass and to some extent also root neck diameter and the height of growing point was positively correlated to accumulated day degrees during autumn.

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  • Scherrer, Kim
    et al.
    University of Bergen, Norway.
    Langbehn, Tom
    University of Bergen, Norway.
    Ljungström, Gabriella
    University of Bergen, Norway.
    Enberg, Katja
    University of Bergen, Norway.
    Hornborg, Sara
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Dingsør, Gjert
    Fiskebåt, Norway.
    Jørgensen, Christian
    University of Bergen, Norway.
    Spatial restrictions inadvertently doubled the carbon footprint of Norway's mackerel fishing fleet2024In: Marine Policy, ISSN 0308-597X, E-ISSN 1872-9460, Vol. 161, article id 106014Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The ocean is increasingly used for industry, energy and recreation or protected for conservation, resulting in increasing spatial restrictions for fisheries. Simultaneously, producing seafood with a low climate footprint is becoming increasingly important. Despite this, the effects of spatial restrictions on the emissions of fishing fleets are poorly known. In the Northeast Atlantic, the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU (Brexit) meant that the UK regained autonomy in its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). This suddenly imposed a spatial restriction for several foreign fishing fleets targeting Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Here, we use this natural experiment and open fisheries data to investigate how Brexit affected the performance and emissions of the Norwegian mackerel fishery. As the fleet was excluded from fishing grounds in the UK, the catch per fishing trip almost halved, while the number of trips per vessel doubled. As a result, fuel use intensity (FUI) more than doubled from ∼0.08 to ∼0.18 L fuel per kg mackerel. We estimate that this shift required an additional 23 million liters of fuel per year, causing additional fuel costs of ∼€18 million annually and emitting an additional ∼72,000 tonnes CO2 per year. The policy change undid ∼15 years of improved fuel efficiency in Norwegian pelagic fisheries. These findings provide rare empirical evidence on how spatial restrictions can undermine progress towards decreasing greenhouse gas emissions in fisheries, highlighting the need to monitor and account for emissions in fisheries management and consider these trade-offs in marine spatial management. 

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  • Durmus, D.
    et al.
    Pennsylvania State University, USA.
    Jägerbrand, A. K.
    University of Gävle, Sweden.
    Nilsson Tengelin, Maria
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Measurement Technology.
    Research Note: Red light to mitigate light pollution: Is it possible to balance functionality and ecological impact?2024In: Lighting Research and Technology, ISSN 1477-1535, E-ISSN 1477-0938Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The widespread use of electric lighting has revolutionised society but brought unintended consequences, notably light pollution, impacting ecosystems and human circadian rhythms. Concerns about anthropogenic light at night (ALAN) have prompted innovative solutions, such as spectral tuning of light sources. In Europe, a recent focus involves the enforcement of red light in outdoor settings to minimise ALAN’s impact, particularly on bats. This mini review synthesises literature to provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of red light outdoors. There is a need for further examination of the potential ecological consequences of red light, considering challenges in lighting design functionality and broader impacts on diverse species.

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  • Rørvang, Maria
    et al.
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Blad, Miranda
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Lindahl, Cecilia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Wallenbeck, Anna
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    An added aroma changes the behaviour of domestic pigs in a novel situation aimed for stunning2024In: Applied Animal Behaviour Science, ISSN 0168-1591, E-ISSN 1872-9045, Vol. 270, article id 106145Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The currently most widespread stunning method for pigs is high concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), but this method is under scrutiny due to animal welfare deficits. One alternative method currently under development with potential to replace CO2 is nitrogen (N2) filled high expansion foam. While N2 does not elicit the same aversive behaviour as CO2, it is currently not known if the high expansion foam itself may be frightening to the pigs. Means to alleviate fear reactions to foam could consist of diverting pigs’ attention using aromas (an odour in combination with taste) of interest to them. The current study aimed to investigate if an added aroma (vanilla aroma) affected pigs’ avoidance and exploratory behaviour when exposed to air-filled high expansion foam in a foam box. The study included 50 pigs (30 females, 20 males) of 14–16 weeks of age, of different crosses between Yorkshire, Hampshire and Duroc. The pigs were randomly assigned to either the treatment with air-filled foam with added aroma or the control treatment with no added aroma, which they were exposed to in a foam box. The results showed that pigs with the aromatised foam expressed significantly more exploration behaviour directed towards the foam and box walls, but not towards the floor or the lid. The aromatised foam also resulted in a higher activity level of the pigs. In contrast to the hypotheses, pigs with aromatised foam expressed more avoidance behaviour, and escape attempts were exclusively observed when pigs were exposed to aromatised foam. Slipping events and frequency of vocalisations did not differ between pigs with and without aroma added to the foam. This study shows that an added aroma (taste and odour in combination) increased pigs’ exploration behaviour towards the foam, and thus could serve as a distraction for the pigs when inside a confined foam box. The results emphasise the importance of taking foam aroma into consideration in the further development of the N2-filled high expansion as a stunning method. The potential anxiety- or stress-reducing effect of any added aroma needs further investigation, and future studies should focus on assessing various types of aromas, and/or odours, as well as different concentrations of the compounds to determine which solution is most efficient in alleviating pig stress and anxiety. 

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  • Linder, Clara
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Corrosion. Linköping University, Sweden.
    Rao, Smita G
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Boyd, Robert
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Greczynski, G
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Eklund, Per
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Munktell, Sara
    Swerim AB, Sweden.
    le Febvrier, Aranaud
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Björk, Emma M
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Effect of Mo content on the corrosion resistance of (CoCrFeNi)1−xMox thin films in sulfuric acid2024In: Thin Solid Films, ISSN 0040-6090, E-ISSN 1879-2731, Vol. 790, article id 140220Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    (CoCrFeNi)1−xMox thin films with various Mo content (0–10 at.%) were grown by magnetron sputtering on a stainless steel substrate. The films with 0–2 at.% presented two crystal structures: one FCC phase and one sigma phase, while films with higher Mo content only had the FCC structure. All films have a (111) texture and follow the topography of the substrate. The corrosion resistance of the films was evaluated in 0.05 M H2SO4 at room temperature and at 80 °C. It was observed that the corrosion current densities considerably decreased for Mo > 2 at%, and that the current densities were higher at the elevated temperature. Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy showed a large potential difference between the main FCC phase and sigma phase for the Mo0–2 films. This would suggest that preferential dissolution of the FCC phase occurs over the sigma and reduces the corrosion resistance. Such preferential dissolution does not occur for the higher Mo content films with only the FCC phase. The high corrosion resistance was also attributed to the inhibition of Fe and Cr dissolution by Mo and the stabilisation of the Cr enriched oxide by incorporating Mo oxides into the passive film, identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The low corrosion current densities (below 1 µA/cm2) make these thin films possible candidates for protective coatings of bipolar plates in PEM fuel cells. 

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  • Gerhardt, Frederik
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Maritime department.
    Case study: IMO minimum propulsion power to maintain the manoeuvrability of KVLCC2 tanker in adverse conditions2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The introduction of the EEDI more than a decade ago, slow steaming, and the wish to reduce bunkering costs have resulted in a trend to install less powerful engines in ships. To avoid vessels becoming underpowered and thus unsafe, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has published a guideline regarding the “Minimum Propulsion Power to Maintain the Manoeuvrability of Ships in Adverse Conditions”. This report presents a case study that follows the IMO-guideline step by step and works out the minimum engine size for the KVLCC2 tanker. Using a combination of Computational Fluid Dynamics and model tests, the parameters and assumptions behind the guideline are discussed in some detail. Results show that it is particularly important to determine the added resistance in waves correctly because it dominates the power prediction. It becomes clear, that the selection of the propulsive factors, particularly the “thrust deduction factor” has a significant influence on results. The work summarised here is part of a wider project that aims to provide experimental benchmarking data for added resistance predictions. It has been sponsored by the Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket) under grant number TRV 2021/53938.

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  • Hallquist, Lukas
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, System Transition and Service Innovation.
    Sallén, Josefina
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, System Transition and Service Innovation.
    Vanacore, Emanuela
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, System Transition and Service Innovation.
    Leivas, Matilda
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, System Transition and Service Innovation.
    Förstudie Cirkulär Gatubelysning2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    I Sverige finns det ungefär 2,5 miljoner ljuspunkter på statliga vägar och kommunala gator. Den huvudsakliga funktionen är att förbättra synförhållandena i trafiken, men den syftar även till att öka komfort, motverka brottslighet, samt skapa trivsel. I den här förstudien har RISE, tillsammans med 8 aktörer från gatubelysningssektorn, utforskat hur värdekedjan kan leverera de värden som offentlig belysning bidrar till med färre resurser och mindre negativ påverkan på människa och miljö än vad som görs i dag. Förstudien har utvärderat cirkularitet utifrån tre dimensioner i) att använda armaturer och dess komponenter länge, ii) att använda gatubelysningens resurser ändamålsenligt, och iii) att återcirkulera uttjänt material och att använda återcirkulerat material. En huvudsaklig slutsats är att begreppet cirkulär förmodligen är för brett för att användas i sin helhet, och att begreppet med fördel bör brytas ner till mindre beståndsdelar, för att enklare ta steg åt rätt riktning. Det underlättar för offentlig upphandling att ställa krav för förbättrad cirkularitet genom att bryta ner begreppet till mindre mål och strategier för att minska resursflödet, främst av jungfruligt material men även totalt. Detta för att det inte är tydligt i dag vad sektorn bör fokusera på. Utöver cirkulära krav på armaturerna har offentliga aktörer en viktig roll i gatubelysningens resursanvändning och påverkan på människor och biologisk mångfald genom deras beslut om var och hur mycket belysning som ska finnas, hur ofta och hur starkt den ska lysa. Två identifierade utmaningar är i) att integrerade komponenter i LED-armaturer försvårar reparation och möjlighet till återbruk, och ii) att det är svårt att sia vilka förändringar som kan komma att ske på 25 år. På ett kvarts århundrade finns mycket tid för teknologisk utveckling, ändrade krav på armaturer, eller ny lagstiftning som begränsar möjligheten att använda armaturer baserade på dagens design. På aggregerad nivå finns den största klimatbesparingspotentialen att hämta från att byta ut de kvarstående armaturerna med gammal teknik till energieffektiv LED. Detta bör kompletteras med nattsänkning och närvarostyrd belysning där det är möjligt. Andra viktiga faktorer är att försöka minska behovet av jungfruligt material, både genom att minska antalet armaturer som behövs för att möta det behov som finns, och att använda återvunnet material i högre grad. Det finns flera lagar som är viktiga för värdekedjans aktörer att följa och ta vara på, särskilt den förslagna Ekodesignförordningen och det antagna hållbarhetsrapporteringsdirektivet Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive. Förstudien har slutligen identifierat följande forskningsbehov för att öka förutsättningarna att minska gatubelysningens resursbehov: • Kartlägga vilka av de gamla armaturerna som kan nedmonteras • Kartlägga var närvarostyrd belysning kan ha störst effekt • Genomföra studie för att skapa förståelse för slitage och livslängd av armaturhus och komponenter • Genomföra studie för hur modulära armaturer bör designas så att nyttorna överväger nackdelarna • Utvärdera möjliga format för funktionsupphandling

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  • Trost, Thomas
    Packforsk, Sweden.
    Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)-Facts and Faults - A Review1995In: PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, p. 303-313Article, review/survey (Refereed)
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  • Trost, Thomas
    Packforsk, Sweden.
    Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)-Facts and Faults - A Review1995In: PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, Vol. 8, p. 231-247Article, review/survey (Refereed)
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  • Benison, K. C.
    et al.
    West Virginia University, USA.
    Siljeström, Sandra
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Product Realisation Methodology.
    Yanchilina, A.
    California Institute of Technology, USA.
    Depositional and Diagenetic Sulfates of Hogwallow Flats and Yori Pass, Jezero Crater: Evaluating Preservation Potential of Environmental Indicators and Possible Biosignatures From Past Martian Surface Waters and Groundwaters2024In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets, ISSN 2169-9097, E-ISSN 2169-9100, Vol. 129, no 2, article id e2023JE008155Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Mars 2020 Perseverance rover has examined and sampled sulfate-rich clastic rocks from the Hogwallow Flats member at Hawksbill Gap and the Yori Pass member at Cape Nukshak. Both strata are located on the Jezero crater western fan front, are lithologically and stratigraphically similar, and have been assigned to the Shenandoah formation. In situ analyses demonstrate that these are fine-grained sandstones composed of phyllosilicates, hematite, Ca-sulfates, Fe-Mg-sulfates, ferric sulfates, and possibly chloride salts. Sulfate minerals are found both as depositional grains and diagenetic features, including intergranular cement and vein- and vug-cements. Here, we describe the possibility of various sulfate phases to preserve potential biosignatures and the record of paleoenvironmental conditions in fluid and solid inclusions, based on findings from analog sulfate-rich rocks on Earth. The samples collected from these outcrops, Hazeltop and Bearwallow from Hogwallow Flats, and Kukaklek from Yori Pass, should be examined for such potential biosignatures and environmental indicators upon return to Earth. 

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  • Zhang, X.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Ràfols-Ribé, J.
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Mindemark, J.
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Tang, S.
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Lindh, E Mattias
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Biorefinery and Energy.
    Gracia-Espino, E.
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Larsen, C.
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Edman, L.
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Efficiency Roll-Off in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells2024In: Advanced Materials, ISSN 0935-9648, E-ISSN 1521-4095Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Understanding “efficiency roll-off” (i.e., the drop in emission efficiency with increasing current) is critical if efficient and bright emissive technologies are to be rationally designed. Emerging light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) can be cost- and energy-efficiently fabricated by ambient-air printing by virtue of the in situ formation of a p-n junction doping structure. However, this in situ doping transformation renders a meaningful efficiency analysis challenging. Herein, a method for separation and quantification of major LEC loss factors, notably the outcoupling efficiency and exciton quenching, is presented. Specifically, the position of the emissive p-n junction in common singlet-exciton emitting LECs is measured to shift markedly with increasing current, and the influence of this shift on the outcoupling efficiency is quantified. It is further verified that the LEC-characteristic high electrochemical-doping concentration renders singlet-polaron quenching (SPQ) significant already at low drive current density, but also that SPQ increases super-linearly with increasing current, because of increasing polaron density in the p-n junction region. This results in that SPQ dominates singlet-singlet quenching for relevant current densities, and significantly contributes to the efficiency roll-off. This method for deciphering the LEC efficiency roll-off can contribute to a rational realization of all-printed LEC devices that are efficient at highluminance.

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  • Siljeström, Sandra
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Product Realisation Methodology.
    Zorzano, MP
    CAB Centro de Astrobiología, Spain.
    Evidence of Sulfate-Rich Fluid Alteration in Jezero Crater Floor, Mars2024In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets, ISSN 2169-9097, E-ISSN 2169-9100, Vol. 129, no 1, article id e2023JE007989Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sulfur plays a major role in martian geochemistry and sulfate minerals are important repositories of water. However, their hydration states on Mars are poorly constrained. Therefore, understanding the hydration and distribution of sulfate minerals on Mars is important for understanding its geologic, hydrologic, and atmospheric evolution as well as its habitability potential. NASA's Perseverance rover is currently exploring the Noachian-age Jezero crater, which hosts a fan-delta system associated with a paleolake. The crater floor includes two igneous units (the Séítah and Máaz formations), both of which contain evidence of later alteration by fluids including sulfate minerals. Results from the rover instruments Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemistry and Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry reveal the presence of a mix of crystalline and amorphous hydrated Mg-sulfate minerals (both MgSO4·[3–5]H2O and possible MgSO4·H2O), and anhydrous Ca-sulfate minerals. The sulfate phases within each outcrop may have formed from single or multiple episodes of water activity, although several depositional events seem likely for the different units in the crater floor. Textural and chemical evidence suggest that the sulfate minerals most likely precipitated from a low temperature sulfate-rich fluid of moderate pH. The identification of approximately four waters puts a lower constraint on the hydration state of sulfate minerals in the shallow subsurface, which has implications for the martian hydrological budget. These sulfate minerals are key samples for future Mars sample return.

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  • Opedal, Mihaela Tanase
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design.
    Ghoreishi, S.
    University of Bergen, Norway.
    Hermundsgård, D. H.
    University of Bergen, Norway.
    Barth, T.
    University of Bergen, Norway.
    Moe, S. T.
    NTNU, Norway.
    Brusletto, R.
    Arbaflame AS, Norway.
    Steam explosion of lignocellulosic residues for co-production of value-added chemicals and high-quality pellets2024In: Biomass and Bioenergy, ISSN 0961-9534, E-ISSN 1873-2909, Vol. 181, article id 107037Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The demand of pellets as energy carrier and the competitiveness of wood biomass are the drivers for finding alternative raw materials for production of pellets. The aim of this study was to investigate the steam explosion of lignocellulosic residues such as, straw, sawdust birch, sawdust spruce, GROT (mixture of 30 % bark and 70 % industrial chips), and their mix to co-production of value-added chemicals and high-quality pellets. The raw materials were first impregnated with water/acetic acid prior to steam explosion process, while leaching and washing of steam exploded biomass was used to reduce the ash content. The value-added chemicals were extracted with MIBK, and a gas chromatography was used to determine which value-added chemicals are present in the MIBK filtrates after extraction of the steam exploded biomass. Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, calorific values, compression strength and density were used to assess and compare the quality of steam exploded biomass and pellets quality. The results from the extraction experiments shows that furfural, HMF, vanillin, syringaldehyde and coniferaldehyde are the most value-added chemicals extracted from lignocellulosic residues where higher yield of the valuable chemicals was obtained when the biomass was presoaked in acetic acid. The ash content was reduced by 83 % for straw material by washing and leaching of steam exploded straw material when the biomass was presoaked in acetic acid. High quality pellets with high calorific value (20 MJ/kg), high compression strength (228 kN/m), high density (1300 kg/m3) and low ash content (0,06 %) were produced from sawdust spruce and GROT:Spruce mix used in our study. Based on our results, we can therefore suggest that steam explosion process of lignocellulosic residues improves the quality of the biomass to pellets production and at the same time open for the possibility to produce value-added chemicals. 

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  • Yazdanpanah, A.
    et al.
    University of Padova, Italy.
    Revilla, R. I.
    University of Padova, Italy.
    Franceschi, M.
    University of Padova, Italy.
    Fabrizi, A.
    University of Padova, Italy.
    Khademzadeh, Saeed
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Product Realisation Methodology. University of Padova, Italy.
    Khodabakhshi, M.
    University of Padova, Italy.
    De Graeve, I.
    University of Padova, Italy.
    Dabalà, M.
    University of Padova, Italy.
    Unveiling the impact of laser power variations on microstructure, corrosion, and stress-assisted surface crack initiation in laser powder bed fusion-processed Ni-Fe-Cr alloy 7182024In: Electrochimica Acta, ISSN 0013-4686, E-ISSN 1873-3859, Vol. 476, article id 143723Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Corrosion and stress-corrosion related failures often compromise the integrity of critical metallic components during their service, raising significant concerns. It is crucial to comprehend the crack initiation mechanism and the impact of alloy microstructure on this crack initiation process. It is known that the introduction of unique microstructures through metal additive manufacturing brings new challenges. This study aims to investigate, for the first time, the effects of microstructural alterations resulting from fluctuations in laser power during laser powder bed fusion on the surface cracking initiation mechanism and electrochemical behaviour of Ni-Fe-Cr alloy 718, which is widely used in applications that require exceptional strength and corrosion resistance. To carry out this investigation, microcapillary electrochemical methods were combined with high-resolution techniques (TEM, SEM, AFM). The findings emphasize the existence of an optimal range of process parameters that effectively mitigate corrosion and crack initiation susceptibility. This work demonstrated that slight deviations in laser power from this optimal value result in diverse alterations at the micro and submicron scales. These alterations include increased subgrain width, porosity, dislocation density, density of nanovoids, and distribution of carbides. Importantly, these changes, particularly in dislocation and nanovoid densities caused by minor variations in process parameters, significantly affect the material's susceptibility to corrosion initiation and stress-assisted surface cracking. 

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  • Lane, Anna-Lena
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, Energy and Resources.
    Cehlin, Mathias
    University of Gävle, Sweden.
    Thollander, Patrik
    University of Gävle, Sweden.
    Success Factors and Barriers for Facility Management in Keeping Nearly-Zero-Energy Non-Residential Buildings Energy-Efficient over Time2024In: Buildings, E-ISSN 2075-5309, Vol. 14, no 1, article id 242Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Energy efficiency is a cornerstone of climate change mitigation. For buildings, facility management is an essential part of achieving efficient energy use while keeping tenants satisfied. This interview study explores success factors and barriers for facility management in maintaining energy efficiency over time in four approximately 10-year-old non-residential premises built as so-called nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) in Sweden. The study highlights the importance of functional digital tools, benchmarks, and building professionals’ involvement in ensuring energy efficiency. It also emphasizes the need for involvement communication and strategies to engage facility management in energy efficiency efforts. The study suggests that in-house and public policies can play a crucial role in sustaining high ambitions for energy efficiency. Access to professional support that is self-evident to use is identified as a critical success factor. Additionally, the research presents an analytic model that can be used in future studies to assess facility management organizations’ potential for maintaining energy performance in buildings over time. 

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  • Srivastava, Sumit
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, Infrastructure and concrete technology. University of Oulu, Finland.
    Moukannaa, S.
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Isteri, V.
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Ramteke, D. D.
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Perumal, P.
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Adesanya, D.
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Kinnunen, P.
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Ohenoja, K.
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Illikainen, M.
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Utilization of calcite-rich Green Liquor Dregs (GLD) by-products from pulp and paper industry: Cement clinker production and life cycle analysis2024In: Case Studies in Construction Materials, E-ISSN 2214-5095, Vol. 20, article id e02870Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The pulp and paper industry produces several calcite-rich by-products including Green Liquor Dregs (GLDs), lime mud, grits, sludges, etc. Presently, majority of these by-products are managed by landfilling. The GLD used in this study is mainly dominated by calcite (∼80 %) and Hydrotalcite like compounds (HTlc, ∼12 %). It is used to produced OPC clinkers by using them as 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % replacement of limestone used for clinker production. TGA-DSC analysis of the clinker raw meals up to 1350 ℃ indicates that increase in GLD leads to slight reduction in the decomposition temperature for the raw meals, and a slight change in the formation temperatures for C2S and C3S. The mineral phase compositions of all the clinkers are comparable with a slightly decreasing C3S and C2S with increasing GLD. Compared to the Bogue calculated compositions, C3S and C2S are slightly lower, while the C3A is significantly lower and C4AF is significantly higher. The environmental leaching of GLD and the clinkers are all within the limits set by EN-12457-2. The environmental impact of clinker production and effect of GLD is analyzed for cradle-to-gate scenario with system boundaries. This analysis shows that by using GLD as replacement for limestone can lower the impact on diversity as well as CO2 related to transportation can also be reduced. 

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  • Marina, H.
    et al.
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Ren, K.
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Hansson, I.
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Fikse, F.
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Peetz Nielsen, Per
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Rönnegård, L.
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden; Dalarna University, Sweden.
    New insight into social relationships in dairy cows and how time of birth, parity, and relatedness affect spatial interactions later in life2024In: Journal of Dairy Science, ISSN 0022-0302, E-ISSN 1525-3198, Vol. 107, no 2, p. 1110-1123Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Social interactions between cows play a fundamental role in the daily activities of dairy cattle. Real-time location systems provide on a continuous and automated basis information about the position of individual cows inside barns, offering a valuable opportunity to monitor dyadic social contacts. Understanding dyadic social interactions could be applied to enhance the stability of the social structure promoting animal welfare and to model disease transmission in dairy cattle. This study aimed to identify the effect of different cow characteristics on the likelihood of the formation and persistence of social contacts in dairy cattle. The individual position of the lactating cows was automatically collected once per second for 2 wk, using an ultra-wideband system on a Swedish commercial farm consisting of almost 200 dairy cows inside a freestall barn. Social networks were constructed using the position data of 149 cows with available information on all characteristics during the study period. Social contacts were considered as a binary variable indicating whether a cow pair was within 2.5 m of each other for at least 10 min per day. The role of cow characteristics in social networks was studied by applying separable temporal exponential random graph models. Our results revealed that cows of the same parity interacted more consistently, as well as those born within 7 d of each other or closely related by pedigree. The repeatability of the topological parameters indicated a consistent short-term stability of the individual animal roles within the social network structure. Additional research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms governing the long-term evolution of social contacts among dairy cattle and to investigate the relationship between these networks and the transmission of diseases in the dairy cattle population. .

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